Web material roll with end protectors and method for making same

ABSTRACT

Rolls of web materials are provided with end protectors and are wrapped in a manner enabling application of the end protectors and the protective wrapping material while the rolls are still in or adjacent to the roll producing device, and thereafter the rolls can be safely handled and stored on end. Either or both ends of the rolls may be provided with end protectors, but at least the ends on which the rolls are to stand are so protected. The stand-on end protector may be in the form of a pallet having lugs enabling fork lift handling. Also, the method for wrapping the rolls of web materials is disclosed.

[451 Dec.31,1974

[ WEB MATERIAL ROLL WITH END 3,524,415 8/1970 Heiman 108/53 p OTECTORS AND METHOD FOR 3,529,717 9/1970 McDougal 206/60 A X M AKING SAME 3,654,875 4/1972 Vik 108/51 3,669,255 6/1972 Raymus 206/59 F 75 I e t Gre Klelbanoff r. Lov 5 Park, nv nor 111. guy J e FOREIGN PATENTS ORAPPLICATIONS 223,090 10/1968 Sweden 103/51 [731 Asslgheel helm Cmrhmmh, B610", 1,812,289 8/1969 Gemiany 108/51 [22] Filed: Dec. 26, 1972 Primary ExaminerWilliam 1. Price [21] Appl' 3l8499 Assistant ExaminerSteven E. Lipman Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Hill, Gross, Simpson, Van [52] U.S. Cl 206/386, 53/32, 108/55, Santen, Steadman, Chiara & Simpson 51 1 t. CL. B6511 19 04 B65d 19 40, 865d 85 66,

[ 1 n 865d 57 ABSTRACT Field of Search Rolls of web materials are provided with end protec- 206/59 R, 59 A, 9 59 59 60 386, tors and are wrapped in a manner enabling application 214/ of the end protectors and the protective wrapping ma- 229/87 R, 90 terial while the rolls are still in or adjacent to the roll producing device, and thereafter the rolls can be 1 1 References Cited safely handled and stored on end. Either or both ends UNITED STATES PATENTS of the rolls may be provided with end protectors, but

1 716 249 6/1929 Taylor et a1. 206/59 F at least the ends on which the rolls are to Stand are 212121180 8/1940 Murphy 206/59 F Protected The Stand-9n 9nd Protector y be in the 2,258,104 10/1941 Seymour 242/722 X form f a pallet having lugs enabling fork lift handling.

2,628,715 2/1953 Budd 108/51 X Also, the method for wrapping the rolls of web materi- 3,221,401 12/1965 Scott et a] 242/723 X 315 is disclgsed,

3,402,809 9/1968 Snyder 206/59 F 3,477,631 11/1969 Dunlap, Jr. et a]. 108/55 X 17 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures WEB MATERIAL ROLL WITH END PROTECTORS AND METHOD FOR MAKHNG SAME This invention relates to protective wrapping of rolls of web material, and is more particularly concerned with providing such rolls with end protectors and enwrapping material.

Rolls of web material are customarily protectively wrapped for handling, shipment and storage, and this has heretofore been solved by enwrapping the roll after it is removed from the roll forming device. This re quires handling of the rolls with attendant liability of roll spoilage. Prior methods also involve substantial costs for labor and equipment as well as space for the separate wrapping equipment.

Where the material of the web in the rolls is of a low coefficient of friction or where the web is not susceptible of tight or tensioned rolling, there is always the danger of roll spoilage by endwise deformation or telescoping during unwrapped handling. Moreover the severed end must be firmly secured and if it comes loose during handling creates a foul-up and spoilage problem.

While some forms of end protectors have been suggested heretofore as for example in US. Pat. Nos. 1,491,063, 2,708.031 and 3,402,809, they all presume application to the rolls after removable of the rolls from the roll forming equipment.

An important object of the present invention is to overcome the foregoing and other disadvantages, deficiencies, inefficiencies, shortcomings and problems in prior methods and means for protectively wrapping rolls of web materials, and to obtain important advantages and improvements in end protection and wrapping of web material rolls as will hereinafter become apparent.

Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method of providing rolls or web materials with end protectors and protective wrapping.

A further object of the invention is to provide new and improved end protecting means and wrapping for rolls of web materials.

Still another object of the invention is to provide new and improved end protecting means for web material rolls.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved method of and means for end protection and wrapping of web material rolls enabling ap plication of the end protectors and wrapping material in the roll forming device.

Other objects, features and advantages of this invention will be readily apparent from the following description of certain preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, although variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts embodied in the disclosure, and in which:

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a roll that has been protectively wrapped according to the present inventlon.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line lI-II of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary schematic elevational view showing a roll as it is being wrapped.

FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of an end protector adapted for the standing end of a roll; and

FIG. 5 is an end protector especially suitable for the top end of a roll.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a roll of web material It) has attached to one end an end protector 11 in the form of a pallet device and to the opposite end an end pro tector 12 in the form ofa disk. Completing the enwrapment of the roll is a wrapper strip 13 which is secured to the end protectors and is desirably spirally wound about the perimeter of the roll to completely encase the same. Although the roll 10 may be a paper roll such as newsprint paper which is a type of heavy roll to which the present invention is especially applicable, the roll may be any other rolled web material such as cloth, sheet plastics, composite web materials, and the like, which are desirably protectively enwrapped for handling, transportation and storage.

In an especially desirable form, the standing end end protector 11 is of generally cup shape to receive the end of the roll 10 fairly closely and thoroughly protect not only the end of the roll itself but also the perimeter of the roll about the end. For this purpose the end protector 11 has a roll encompassing flange 14. In this instance the end protector 11 is of circular form, although it will be appreciated that if preferred some other geometric form could be provided. Preferably, the end protector 11 is made from a suitable impact resistant plastic material of suitable thickness and charac ter to withstand handling of the particular type, size and weight of roll for which intended. In addition, the end protector I1 is desirably provided with means enabling convenient fork lift handling of the roll. To this end, the end protector 11 is provided with pallet lugs or feet 15 enabling reception under the roll end be tween the feet of a lifting fork.

In a desirable construction, the pallet feet 15 are shaped as hollow integral downward projections from the disk body of the protector 11. For added strength, the feet 15 may be reinforced as by means of wood or rigid foamed plastic filler blocks 17. In each instance the block 17 completely fills the hollow space within the foot 15 and may if desired be permanently secured therein as by means of suitable adhesive although a frictional fit may be sufficient, and the upper end of the block 17 is preferably in a plane with the top plane of the protector disk body so as to be in direct load confrontation to the end of the supported roll 10. In a desirable arrangement, as shown in FIG. 4, four of the pallet feet 15 may be provided equally spaced on a di' ameter adjacent to the perimeter of the protector disk, but any other suitable number of the feet may be provided as desired or most convenient. A principal con sideration must be maximum stability of support for the end standing roll.

In form the upper end protector 12 may be merely disk of suitable material and thickness of a diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the roll 10, although if preferred it may also be of generally cup shape similarly as the end protector 11. Likewise, if preferred the end protector 11 may be simply a disk if preferred, or a disk with the legs 15 .and without the perimeter flange 14. However for the standing end of the roll the cup shaped form of the end protector is advantageous. By providing the top of the roll with the protector 12, several advantages are attained, among which are the ability to fasten the wrapper strip 13 thereto and avoid fastening the wrapper strip directly to the web material of the roll 10, and enabling stacking of one roll upon the other without liability of damaging the upper ends of the rolls, especially where a pallet type of lower end protector such as the end protector 11 is provided on the roll to be stacked upon another roll. Material for the end protector 12 may be any suitable panel or plate such as plastic, wood, fiberboard, and corrugated board, and the like.

Although the end protectors 11 and 12 may be of a sturdy enough construction to be salvaged for reuse, they may be of a relatively inexpensive throwaway construction.

Any suitable material may be employed in the wrapper strip 13, such as paper, cloth, fine wire mesh, laminated material or plastic. Although for some purposes the wrapper strip 13 may be of a width about the same as the width of the web on the roll 10, or a slightly greater width so as to overlap the margins of the end protectors 11 and 12, in a preferred form the wrapper strip 13 is of a relatively narrow width to enable spiral winding thereof on to and about the roll 10. In a preferred construction, the wrapper strip comprises a stretchable plastic of sufficient durability and toughness for the purpose. Width of the wrapper strip 13 is preferably somewhat greater than the width of the peripheral flange 14 of the end protector 11 and thereby the starting end of the strip can be secured as by taping the same or adhesively securing the same to the outer surface of the flange 14 with a margin of the strip 13 extending either under the margin of the body of the protector 11 as shown in dash outline in FIG. 2, and secured to the protector body, or, as shown in full line projecting on one margin beyond the free edge of the flange 14. If preferred, of course, the strip 13 may be of a width to not only engage at one margin under the protector 11 but at the opposite margin to extend beyond the flange 14. In any event, the starting end of the strip 13 will be secured only to the protector 11 and more particularly to flange 14, with care taken not to project any adhesive or attaching tape onto the surface of the roll web. After a complete encircling wrap 13a around the protector 11, the strip 13 is continuously spirally wrapped about the roll with the upper margins of the wraps of the strip overlapped, as shown in FIG. 2, for security in retention of the wrapper. At the upper end of the roll, the final wrap of the strip 13 is about the end protector l2, and desirably with the upper margin of the wrap lapped over onto the disk of the end protector 12 and firmly secured thereto as by means of bonding adhesive applied between the wrapper strip and the end protector or by means of bonding adhesive, or adhesive tape, as preferred. In any event care should be taken to avoid applying any of the securing material to the web material of the roll. If desired, bonding cement or adhesive can be applied between the overlapped areas of the wrapper strip 13, although by reason of its tight enwrapment of the roll such adhesive securement may not be necessary. Through the described arragement, not only is the perimeter of the roll thoroughly wrapped, but the end protectors 11 and 12 are secured in place by the strip 13.

According to the present invention enwrapment of the roll 10 can be performed while the roll is still on the machine or device which formed the roll. In such a machine a continuous web of material is fed to and attached to a core, reel or mandrel and rolled thereon until the desired roll diameter has been attained, whereupon the completed roll is shifted along rails or on a turret into an out-of-the-way position in the machine relative to the next succeeding core, reel or mandrel for winding of the next roll. Heretofore, the completed roll has been removed and transported to a separate wrapping machine. Transporting of the roll to such a wrapping machine can be avoided, as demonstrated in FIG. 3, by enwrapping the roll 10 while it is still in the forming machine but displaced from the roll forming position so as to enable continuous forming of the next succeeding roll. To this end, the roll 10 as supported on a mandrel, shaft, core member or reel 18 having its hubs or journals rotatably supported in bearings or cradles 19 on frame, rail or turret means 20 of the machine, and is enwrapped completely and then removed from the machine. Such enwrapment can be effected at a speed to complete the same and enable removal of the fully enwrapped roll before the next succeeding roll is completely wound in the machine. Where simple end protector disks such as the end protector 12 are used at both ends of the roll 10, the end protectors may be mounted on the reel 10 before the roll is wound on the reel so that the completed roll with the end protectors is then shifted from the roll forming station in the machine to the displaced station where the wrapper strip 13 is applied. For reception of the reel 18 therethrough, the end protector 11 is provided with a central clearance aperture 21 (FIG. 4) and the end protector 12 is provided for the same purpose with a central aperture 22 (FIG. 5).

Where for any reason it is not convenient to apply the end members 11 and 12 to the reel 18 prior to winding of the roll web thereon, the end members 11 and 12 may be applied to the reel 18 at any time during or after formation of the roll 10 or after the roll 10 has been shifted from the roll-forming position. For this purpose, the end members 11 and 12 are provided with a line of separation 23, such as a slit extending from the central aperture to the outer perimeter of the end member as well as the flange 14 of the end member and spaced from the feet 15. The end members are made from a sufficiently flexible material so that they can be separated along the separation 23, in each instance, to pass the reel 18 therealong until the central aperture is reached, whereupon the normal resilience of the end member closes the gap along the separation line 23 and the end member is retained on the reel in proper orientation concentric with the respective end ofthe roll 10.

Although the wrapper strip 13 may be started at either end of the roll 10, it is preferably started at the end to which the stand-on end member 11 is applied, as visualized in FIG. 3, being applied in a continuous wrap 13a around the end member 11 and more particularly to flange 14 and fixedly secured thereto as by means of adhesive tape or by means of direct adhesive bonding. Feeding of the strip 13 is from a roll 24 of the strip material which is desirably mounted on a shaft or rod 25 parallel to the axis of the reel 18 and suitably spaced therefrom for the intended purpose. Suitable means such as a yoke 27 or the like are provided for advancing the wrapper roll 24 along the member 25 at a speed corelated to the rotation of the roll 10 to effect uniform spiral wrapping of the wrapper strip 13 about the roll. Tensioning of the strip 13 as it is being wound on the roll 10 is effected in any suitable manner as by means of drag structure associated with the roll 24.

Rotation of the roll for spiral wrapping thereof by the strip 13 is desirably effected by means such as a driving roller 28 which is provided with a suitable friction surface such as an elastomeric surface and which is desirably of a character to provide yieldable pressure against the roll 10 and the wrapping material 13 to press the wrapper strip firmly against the perimeter of the roll whereby to enhance the tensioned application of the strip as it is wound on the roll. The pressure applied by the roller 28 assures firm bonding of the starting end portion 13a of the strip to the flange 14 of the end member 11, and also assures firm bonding of the terminal end portion 13b (FIG. 1) of the strip to the end laps of the wrapping. Any suitable means are provided for rotatably driving the driver roller 28. Any suitable means are provided for severing the strip 13 at the end of the wrapping process, whereafter the roll 24 is returned to starting position as indicated in dash outline in FIG. 3 in preparation for wrapping the succeeding roll 10, assuming that the quantity of material on the roll 24 is suitable for wrapping a plurality of the rolls 10.

After wrapping has been completed, the roll 10 may be removed from the forming machine. Either before or after such removal, where the wrapping strip 13 is a heat shrinkable plastic, heat may be applied to the wrapping to shrink the same tightly onto the roll. Heat for this purpose may be derived from infrared radiant heat devices, hot air, and the like. Tensioning and/or heat shrinking of the wrapper strip 13 is advantageous not only in that a snug enwrapment free from loose edges is attained, but also because tight engagement of the end protectors 11 and 12 assures firm holding thereof in their respective positions on the ends of the enwrapped roll.

Immediately upon completion of the protective en wrapment of the roll 10, it can be removed from the combined roll forming and wrapping machine and handled by a fork lift truck unit for storage or placement in transporting equipment. By supporting the roll on end rather than on its side, not only is storage and transportation space efficiently utilized, but flat spots of areas on the perimeter of the roll are avoided since weight of the roll itself and superimposed rolls is all imposed in the axial direction of the roll rather than transversely of the roll.

Preprinting or marking for product and/or producer identity may be provided for on substantial exposed areas inside the perimeter of either or both of the end protectors ll and 12, or alternatively or additionally, on the wrapper strip 13. Of course such markings may be applied subsequent to roll enwrapment if desired. Ample area is provided on the enwrapped roll to receive stamped, stenciled, adhesively or otherwise attached tags or labels, and the like, providing routing indicia.

it will be understood that variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of this invention.

1 claim:

1. A protectively wrapped roll of web material, comprising an end protector on one end of the roll;

a continuous strip of protective material wrapped retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at one end of the roll and then continuing spirally wrapped throughout the length of the roll; and

a final lap of the protective strip material secured about the opposite end of the: roll.

2. In combination with a roll of web material:

an end protector on an end of the roll, said protector having a perimeter and a substantial roll end protecting area within said perimeter; and

protective strip material secured to said end protector and enwrapped about the said perimeter of said end protector and leaving said substantial area of the end protector exposed at the end of the roll, said strip being a continuous strip of protective material wrapped retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at said end of the roll and then continuing spirally wrapped throughout the length of the roll, with a final lap of the protective strip material secured about the opposite end of the roll.

3. A combination according to claim 2, wherein said end protector has pallet feet on said substantial area and projecting away from the roll.

4. A combination according to claim 3, wherein said pallet feet are hollow and opening toward the end of the roll, and reinforcing means within said hollow feet and confronting the roll end in common load supporting relation with a face of the pallet confronting the roll end.

5. A combination according to claim 2, including a second end protector on the opposite end of the roll and also having a perimeter and a substantial roll end protecting area within said second protector perimeter, said protective strip material being enwrapped about the perimeter of said second end protector and leaving the substantial area of the second end protector ex posed at said opposite end of the roll.

6. In combination with a roll of web material:

a pallet end protector on one end of the roll provided with feet projecting axially away from the roll end; and

means retaining said pallet end protector on the roll including wrapping material secured to the protector and wound about said roll and thereby holding the protector on the roll but leaving said feet free for lift fork handling of the roll through said pallet end proector, said material being a continuous strip of protective material wrapped retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at said end of the roll and then continuing spirally wrapped throughout the length of the roll, with a final lap of the protective strip material secured about the opposite end of the roll.

7. A combination according to claim 6, wherein said end protector comprises impact resistant plastic on which said feet are formed as hollow projections opening toward the roll end, and reinforcing means in said hollow feet projections in load sustaining relation to the roll end in common with a face of the protector engaging the roll end.

8. A method of protectively wrapping rolls of web material, comprising:

applying end protectors to the ends of the rolls;

on each roll wrapping a continuous strip of protective material retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at one end of the roll and then continuing wrapping spirally throughout the length of the roll; and

securing a final lap about the opposite end of the roll.

9. A method according to claim 8, comprising overlapping the margin of the preceding lap by each succeeding spiral lap.

10. A method according to claim 9, comprising completing the wrapping by a terminal lap of the wrapping strip in each instance overlapping the final laps of the strip, and securing the terminal lap to the final laps.

11. A method according to claim 8, comprising applying an end protector to said opposite end of the roll, and affixing the final lap of the strip retainingly to and about said end protector at said opposite end of the roll.

12. A method according to claim 8, wherein said end protector on said one end has pallet feet projecting away from the end of the roll to which applied, and fastening the straight circular starting lap of the strip only to the perimeter portion of said end protector and leaving the pallet feet free not only for supporting the roll on the feet but also to receive a lifting fork under the standing roll to transport the same by means of the lifting fork with the weight of the roll supported by the end protector on the lifting fork.

13. A method according to claim 8, including supporting the wrapping strip in roll form adjacent to rolls to be wrapped, drawing the strip from the strip roll onto and in the rotation of the rolls to be wrapped, and guiding the wrapping strip roll to move longitudinally relative to the rolls to be wrapped to effect said spiral wrapping.

14. A method according to claim 8, comprising applying said end protectors to both opposite ends of the rolls and in the enwrapping of the rolls and the end protectors leaving substantial areas of the end protectors free from the wrapping material.

15. A method according to claim 8, wherein said end protectors are of generally cup shape, each having a flange engaged about the end portion of the respective roll to which the end protector is applied; and effecting fastening of the protective wrapping material to said flange.

16. A method according to claim 8, including supporting the rolls rotatably on respective reel means, and mounting the end protectors on said reel means corotative with the rolls.

17. A method according to claim 8, comprising supporting the rolls rotatably on reel means on which the web material has been wound to produce the rolls; and applying the end protector to the ends of the rolls while still mounted rotatably on the reel means, including spreading the end protectors apart along lines of separation leading from reelreceiving apertures in the end protectors to the outer edges of the end protectors and passing the reels through the separations to the apertures.

18. A method according to claim 8, including tensioning the wrapping material while wrapping the rolls.

19. A method according to claim 8, wherein said wrapping material comprises heat shrinkable material, and heat shrinking the wrapping material onto the rolls. 

1. A protectively wrapped roll of web material, comprising an end protector on one end of the roll; a continuous strip of protective material wrapped retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at one end of the roll and then continuing spirally wrapped throughout the length of the roll; and a final lap of the protective strip material secured about the opposite end of the roll.
 2. In combination with a roll of web material: an end protector on an end of the roll, said protector having a perimeter and a substantial roll end protecting area within said perimeter; and protective strip material secured to said end protector and enwrapped about the said perimeter of said end protector and leaving said substantial area of the end protector exposed at the end of the roll, said strip being a continuous strip of protective material wrapped retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at said end of the roll and then continuing spirally wrapped throughout the length of the roll, with a final lap of the protective strip material secured about the opposite end of the roll.
 3. A combination according to claim 2, wherein said end protector has pallet feet on said substantial area and projecting away from the roll.
 4. A combination according to claim 3, wherein said pallet feet are hollow and opening toward the end of the roll, and reinforcing means within said hollow feet and confronting the roll end in common load supporting relation with a face of the pallet confronting the Roll end.
 5. A combination according to claim 2, including a second end protector on the opposite end of the roll and also having a perimeter and a substantial roll end protecting area within said second protector perimeter, said protective strip material being enwrapped about the perimeter of said second end protector and leaving the substantial area of the second end protector exposed at said opposite end of the roll.
 6. In combination with a roll of web material: a pallet end protector on one end of the roll provided with feet projecting axially away from the roll end; and means retaining said pallet end protector on the roll including wrapping material secured to the protector and wound about said roll and thereby holding the protector on the roll but leaving said feet free for lift fork handling of the roll through said pallet end proector, said material being a continuous strip of protective material wrapped retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at said end of the roll and then continuing spirally wrapped throughout the length of the roll, with a final lap of the protective strip material secured about the opposite end of the roll.
 7. A combination according to claim 6, wherein said end protector comprises impact resistant plastic on which said feet are formed as hollow projections opening toward the roll end, and reinforcing means in said hollow feet projections in load sustaining relation to the roll end in common with a face of the protector engaging the roll end.
 8. A method of protectively wrapping rolls of web material, comprising: applying end protectors to the ends of the rolls; on each roll wrapping a continuous strip of protective material retainingly in a straight circular starting lap about the end protector at one end of the roll and then continuing wrapping spirally throughout the length of the roll; and securing a final lap about the opposite end of the roll.
 9. A method according to claim 8, comprising overlapping the margin of the preceding lap by each succeeding spiral lap.
 10. A method according to claim 9, comprising completing the wrapping by a terminal lap of the wrapping strip in each instance overlapping the final laps of the strip, and securing the terminal lap to the final laps.
 11. A method according to claim 8, comprising applying an end protector to said opposite end of the roll, and affixing the final lap of the strip retainingly to and about said end protector at said opposite end of the roll.
 12. A method according to claim 8, wherein said end protector on said one end has pallet feet projecting away from the end of the roll to which applied, and fastening the straight circular starting lap of the strip only to the perimeter portion of said end protector and leaving the pallet feet free not only for supporting the roll on the feet but also to receive a lifting fork under the standing roll to transport the same by means of the lifting fork with the weight of the roll supported by the end protector on the lifting fork.
 13. A method according to claim 8, including supporting the wrapping strip in roll form adjacent to rolls to be wrapped, drawing the strip from the strip roll onto and in the rotation of the rolls to be wrapped, and guiding the wrapping strip roll to move longitudinally relative to the rolls to be wrapped to effect said spiral wrapping.
 14. A method according to claim 8, comprising applying said end protectors to both opposite ends of the rolls and in the enwrapping of the rolls and the end protectors leaving substantial areas of the end protectors free from the wrapping material.
 15. A method according to claim 8, wherein said end protectors are of generally cup shape, each having a flange engaged about the end portion of the respective roll to which the end protector is applied; and effecting fastening of the protective wrapping material to said flange.
 16. A method according to claim 8, including supporting the rolls rotatably oN respective reel means, and mounting the end protectors on said reel means corotative with the rolls.
 17. A method according to claim 8, comprising supporting the rolls rotatably on reel means on which the web material has been wound to produce the rolls; and applying the end protector to the ends of the rolls while still mounted rotatably on the reel means, including spreading the end protectors apart along lines of separation leading from reel-receiving apertures in the end protectors to the outer edges of the end protectors and passing the reels through the separations to the apertures.
 18. A method according to claim 8, including tensioning the wrapping material while wrapping the rolls.
 19. A method according to claim 8, wherein said wrapping material comprises heat shrinkable plastic material, and heat shrinking the wrapping material onto the rolls. 